AbiWord Weekly News #141, (2003, week 17, released 2003.04.27)
Welcome to this issue 141 of the AbiWord Weekly News.
Follow-ups:
1.9.0 has been placed on the Latest Releases page; note to red hat users, make sure you're downloading both your version and your architecture correctly. Martin pops in with more work on the Nautilus View Control. Hub gives Cocoa one last great hurrah, while a potential developer (maybe some eons away) considers taking up the call. And, MingW work is still in progress from Sinitsyn Valentine.
This week in development
I hope you like staring at pictures this week because there's a good and plenty lot of them. Not only has the Support AbiWord button changed, but some mighty fun niftiness has also kicked up. We've got a visual lock on the first reported appearance of Abiword on AIX. Also, your favourite bug graph returns (not in the AWN, of course). On top of that, libwpd, the WordPerfect module for the Open Source office utilities, has its own collection to show off. Speaking of Open Source office utilities, a new one is headed to Mac OS X, and our own Seth Delackner (not really ours, he's more of a rental), is quite pleased to announce the public beta of AbiConvert and his employers nifty word processor (ooh, competition), the Nisus Writer Express.
Request for user assistance
Windows users, your help is doubly requested. We would like to see more bug reports coming from the Windows crowd, so, if you're feeling more daring, please download and try out the Win32 binaries when they're available. If you want some sweet functionality in AbiWord II: The Wrath of Dom, you will have to participate. You could also consider joining Project Blue Ant.
Like those dedicated and good-hearted people on American Public Television, we would like to ask for a financial donation. We would like to pull out an extra $400 minimum for a "dedicated 19" 2U rack server, 2.4Ghz P4 (533 FSB) on a 100 Mbit full duplex connection. That should fix all the speed issues for us European guys (and maybe it's even faster for you en_US guys)." This was discussed in chat, and was never cleared for me to actually mention it in AWN, but, technically, it wasn't not cleared, either. Under any circumstance, the money would certainly go to a good cause, and if we raise $13 Million USD, we could buy Microsoft's Corel stock.
Silliness of the Week
"If these 180 were somehow spirited off Internet - we'd be left with the Nigerians, and companies spamming by mistake. The spam problem would simply disappear." -- Steve Linford, of The Spamhaus Project
Florida Spammers Sue Anti-Spam Groups
No changes to the AWN this week. Time and all that rubbish.
Want to stop unjust things from happening in chat? Join! It's #abiword at irc.gimp.org
This Issue
And remember, I give you an email address so you can talk to me, in case you're not on either mailing list.
In this issue:
Editor(s) of this issue: E. A. Zen
If you're interested in using AbiWord for the first time, receiving a more up-to-date version, any particular version or special release, feel free to visit the new Latest Releases page.
DISCLAIMER: It should be generally noted that anything said before the "In this issue:" line is purely editorial.
Discussions
Traffic on the developer mailing list has settled at about 200-400 postings per week. This week, interesting topics on the developer list included:
-
Bug stats collected on www.abisource.com : Jesper Skov, original creator of the bug graph, has uploaded the scripts et c. to the server. People interested in a daily dose of graphage can head to his section of the site at http://www.abisource.com/~jskov/
-
Commit: Improved Mail Merge Architecture : Lots of improvements and more on the way! Sources now include a native XML format, comma separated values and a tabbed deliminated text format. Improvements to the GNOME GDA plugin along from Dom and OLE2 & ODBC from Jordi will make this one of the most interesting mail merge systems in some time.
-
tips on getting nautilus view working and commit: Nautilus view says "View As Word Processor" now. : "Mike" wants to know what he's missing to get the Bonobo component working. Martin helps in the final steps that are very essential. Later, Martin fixes one of the more bothersome problems mentioned.
-
cocoa version : Ben Huot, someone with quite the bit of patience, has offered up his help with continuing the MacOS X version of Abiword. Right after he's learned a couple of languages, we just might look forward to a commit. Bugger of a first time project, isn't it?
-
Abiword as test of Wine : Dan Kegel likes to play with Wine and Abiword. The install's been working fine, but, apparently, the rendering isn't coming out right. Just a note to Wine developers, as I'd figure Jordi would have noticed an issue if it was really a problem in Windows.
-
List numbering.. and Commit: wordperfect lists fix : Word Perfect seems to do the bloodiest oddest thing you've ever seen. You can alter the values of an item of a list, essentially allowing you to restart half way down. Martin, Open Office and your editor haven't a fagging clue why anyone would do such a thing. Furthermore, Abiword uses start-value paragraph property that would allow for it...if the first item didn't set the global value for the whole list, regaurdless of what comes afterwards. Martin suggests that Will will have to spoof it by creating a new list each time someone would otherwise wish to do such an odd thing.
-
Meta-User problems : Jesse Weinstein ventures into the developer world to explain problems non-technical users are having, most particularly--his mother. Covering the problems mostly common with Win32's stable development, there also lies an explanation about issues with bugzilla. Also to note are to documents: What to Expect from an Open Source Project and Dom's Bugzilla Kvetch.
-
Cast-related Build Failure : I love anything involving the phrase "owes donuts," Compiler version and options play a nice game of hide and seek with Andrew, but Hub pops in with his trustworthy Debian box to catch the li'l bugger. If Hub, Dom and Andrew make it to GUADEC, drop by for the three dozen donuts....
-
My public beta, thanks for all the help : Seth Delackner is happy to announce the public beta of the AbiConvert tool, soon to be a part of the Nisus Writer Express public beta for OS X. What could be cooler than that? The beta release can be fetched here.
-
libwpd 0.4.0 "the bestest libwpd ever!" and wpd2sxw 0.3.0 released : Well, whooptee-S*! Will, Will, Will, Marc and Will are very happy announce the latest and most desirable release of libwpd. Soon, you too will be able to read and write WordPerfect documents from the comfort of your FreeSoftware application. By soon, I suppose one could say "now." I couldn't pick any single screenshot to show you (too many good ones were in OOo ;o), so, I thought I'd like directly to their seven niftty screenshots.
-
Return: uPOW 2001.17 - Where to send AbiWord announcements : Re-hashing an ages old email from Jesper (when he started taking over the AWN), I'm asking for anyone's help/suggestions as to non-Linux-y places to send out notices of the AWN. The long term goal is to draw in more users from Windows, Macintosh and QNX. It may not be immediately apparent, but there non-Linux & Gnome platforms out there....
Traffic on the user mailing list is sporadic at best. Often, a good topic comes up, but users tend to only respond to the original poster rather than the list (as well), which limits what I would add, as the only lone threads I post are announcements of importance or points of great interest. This week, interesting topics on the user list included:
-
AbiWord meets AIX : Martin Stenzel manages to get Abiword working on AIX. If you don't believe it based on the details involved, maybe you'll believe the screenshot
Development
CVS StatsTrack who put in how much and why. And, while you're at it, consider whether you'd like to keep your own cvs build as well. Tables...ooh....
CVS checkins 2003.04.20 - 2003.04.26 | ||
Who | Commits | In summary |
Andrew Dunbar | 51 | Credits include Justin McPherson, corrected email address, formatting corrections and correction to an encoding error; C casts -> C++ casts with comments, Czech .po update from Radek Vybiral |
Hubert Figuiere | 40 |
macro to release objects in vector (obj-c specific), fix warnings, wild const did not pass gcc 2.95.x, fix spurious cast warning,
fix ruler interface change project builder: bump to 1.9.0, added new files, removed unused files, fixed default path Cocoa: use UTF8 whenever possible, fix unit change for mouse events, fixed a typo in mouse events, unit changes, new method to measure chars (uses NSTextLayout), new method to draw them, fix conversion problem beetween UCS-4 UCS-2, use UTF8 in localization, handle file types selection in open/save dialog, remove a few headers dependencies use UTF8 for localization, scrolling works, use UTF8 for localization, code cleanup, a few gr_* optimizations, getGR() => getGraphics() for consistency convert units to fix event handling, fixed a serious crasher while closing the dialog Bug: 4988 |
Dom Lachowicz | 32 |
improved mail merge architecture, classes for printing and saving from within a mail-merge driver,
changed "abiword-2.0" to "AbiWord-2.0" to match our 2.0 naming scheme, default to the save and not cancel button Bug: 4929 |
Jordi Mas* | 16 |
keybiding alt+0,1,2 change, justin's keyboard fix, metadata fixes and others, optimisation, fix enconding bug in status bar Bugs: 4815, 4865, 4871, 4873 and 4874 |
Frank J. Franklin | 14 | const/cast corrections (fun fun fun), remove "prefix/libdir undefined" nag (i.e., yield to overwhelming pressure from dom & schurro), (Frank, you should have demanded a bribe, you spineless wienie!), add Xft2 & fontconfig to pkg-config requirements, more random cast corrections from the makers of schurro (anyone want to buy a schurro for fifty pounds?), |
Martin Sevior | 12 |
fix more "blackhole" cases with insert column, fix hang loading loading docs in Nautilus view, Bugs: 4180 (partial), 4887 and 4910 |
Marc Maurer | 8 |
HIG fix, initialize some values, improve loading speed for documents containing base64 encoded data, temp fix for phearbears build problem,
getGR() -> getGraphics(), use GDK_INTERP_BILINEAR for scaling, instead of GDK_INTERP_NEAREST Bug: 4858 |
Jesper Skov | 6 |
use stack variable--not heap object, fix debugging helper Bugs: 2567, 4922, 4950 and 4960 |
Johan Björk* | 5 | added the FormatTable dialog for qnx/photon |
Will Lachance | 4 | re-integrate support for lists (now with bonus feature: continued numbering across list boundaries!), bump libwpd version requirement to 0.4.0, fix bug which was preventing a corner case in the lists code from working properly (continuations on level > 0) |
David Chart | 3 | completed 1.1.4 and 1.9.0 changelogs, started 1.9.1 (current to 20:00 BST 26/4/03) |
Mikey Cooper | 1 | more getGR() -> getGraphics to fix win32 build with debug |
Kenneth "Jeremy" Davis | 1 | Sinitsyn Valentine's DM_SPECVERSION patch |
Daniel Glassey | 1 | bump diving make build version to 1.9.1 for next release |
Rui Miguel Silva Seabra | 1 | add build dependencies to the rpm spec |
*Jordi Mas: system-related work is Win32 unless stated otherwise.
*Johan Björk: system-related work is QNX unless stated otherwise.
*Kenneth "Jeremy" Davis: system-related work is DOS and Win32 unless stated otherwise. He has two first names, but never explained that part to me.
Weekly Prize Patch
Dom, with the help of all those of you who donated to help keep AbiWord great, re-established the Weekly Prize Patch. Established at $45 pre-charges (read: the financial companies cut), the prize is awarded by the decision of Martin and Dom, both of whom must agree on the winner. Though neither Dom nor Martin may vote for themselves, they posses to "trumps" that allow them to vote for the other, therefore nullifying that other's vote. Most importantly, winning is entirely dependent on how lagered-up Martin and Dom are at the time in question.
No One
No one received the Patch Prize between the twentieth and twenty-sixth of April.
POWs
The concept of a "Project Of the Week" is to single out tasks of major interest that outside developers might be interested in providing assistance to. Until a "best way" of listing POWs come to mind, they shall be listed in a short description. Any user interested is welcome to assist in tackling these POWs. If you know someone who's interested, you can link directly to a POW, in order, they're pow5 (at the top) through pow1 (at the bottom). Reminder to developers, I can't post them if you don't submit them. Additionally, feel free to announce if one of these is finished (in case you don't mention it on the list or in the cvs). Oh, and in case you didn't notice, they're a great way to get money from Dom, really!
Name: 4465
Description: This bug contains a compilation of numerous spelling-related bugs. Interested parties can do simple work, like Q&A to see what's still there, to more complex work, like dialogue fixin' and locale conversion If you have a current Abi and some time, you, too, can help
Advertisement: My spelring dilog isn nt ther
Recommended Outline: Whatever's easiest for you
Comments: All in all, there's something for everyone in there.
System: Any and every OS.
AbiVersion: Current (1.0.4, I would guess, dev and cvs releases may occur as well)
Challenge level: Variable
Current Heroes: You must be magical to know how to fix this
Name: Project Blue Ant.
Description: Perform component-specific tests, document procedural changes and open bugs as necessary.
Advertisement: Play the game and get a hero credit; more recognition than QA!
Recommended Outline: Email abiwordtesting@matthewcraig.com and include available system types, AbiVersions and previous testing experience. Receive testing instructions which will take one to two hours to complete.
Comments: No experience required. A good way to be introduced to AbiWord contribution efforts.
System: Any and every OS.
AbiVersion: 1.0.4 only (for now at least)
Challenge level: *.... 1 star out of 5
Current Heroes: "Some of the most active were Mikey Cooper, Tom Purl and Eric Blom."
Name: Style and/or Diction Plugin(s) (bug 3281) (do either/or or both!)
Description: build a plugin to allow Abiword to check style and diction
Advertisement: me got no grammar fixer, help mes can't you?
Recommended Outline: Create a plugin for AbiWord that allows the checking of style and diction. The source code for the gnu style and diction tools is available here: http://www.gnu.org/software/diction/diction.html
As a prototype you might be able to hack something using the AbiCmd plugin to wrap the style and diction tools. The AikSaurus (Thesaurus) plugin should also be a helpful guide.
When you get the basics working you could try to get Abiword to display green squiggle underlines to mark errors, or otherwise work on a good user interface.
Comments: A great way to start playing with the AbiSource
System: Any OS will be fine.
Challenge level: ***.. 3 stars out of 5
Current Hero: The mastery of Kung Fu has yet to appear.
Name: Fix Windows printing boogs (bug 3239)
Description: Tackle some or more of the various bugs that cause issues in attempting to print under Windows
Advertisement: ????????????????????????????? (no, that's really the ad!)
Recommended Outline: You must become magical to know how to fix this.
Comments: "The problem is that printing on Windows is broken with several brand of printer drivers (see dependent bugs). It appears that with standard PostScript driver it does not happen. It appears also that version 0.9.6 had less problems than 1.0.1 so we might find out where the regression is bu diffing.
"Please, be sure to read all the bug reports. Even partial fix are accepted.
"Fixes must be done against STABLE tree and possibly ported to HEAD (the later can be done as a second step)."
This comes from Hub
Notice: This may already have been fixed with the libiconv upgrade, stay tuned!
System: Windows
Challenge level: ****. 4 stars out of 5
The MoFos who had the Huevos for this POW:
(crash on print)
Daniel Jensen
(text work around)
Name: More Windows Maintainers
Description: Jordi and Jeremy could always use help
Advertisement: Help free people from the oppression of MSWord today!
Recommended Outline: You must become magical to know how to fix this.
Comments: Wouldn't be a bad idea to start with the printing bug...
System: Windows
Challenge level: ****. 4 stars out of 5
Current Heros: Jordi Mas, Jeremy Davis
Bug Update
Bug Votes
These are the week's Top 20 Bugs in the categories problems and requests for enhancements. Influence next week's results by casting your own votes. Ah, another release, another change of what bugs are on the "Most Wanted" list.
Top 20 Problems | |||
ID | Votes | Milestone | Summary |
376 | 80 | 2.0 | File associate problems for all file types with Win32Slu...... |
428 | 49 | 2.0 | Hitting return at the beginning of a paragraph changes fo...... |
2362 | 30 | 1.0.x | AbiWord only prints across half of page |
3778 | 30 | --- | Hanging indent setting ignores units |
3970 | 30 | --- | changing layouts can lead to showing other location than ...... |
4049 | 30 | --- | Crash on open file from floppy or network drive. |
4722 | 30 | --- | When using -p or --print the output isn't usable |
4745 | 30 | Future | Change colour of foreground text for screen only |
2868 | 25 | 2.0 | character widths are not calculated correctly for some fonts... |
4266 | 23 | --- | Punctuation misplaced in bi-directional text (Arabic and ...... |
2421 | 20 | 2.0 | TM, Bullet, Euro, Smart Quotes and other symbols originat...... |
1394 | 17 | 2.0 | on-screen landscape actually prints portrait in Win95 |
2924 | 15 | --- | printing abw documents defaults to black pages |
3216 | 15 | 1.0.x | [Tabstops Cannot be Set in Second (or Third) Column |
3801 | 15 | --- | Incremental loader seems to struggle with large files |
1865 | 13 | --- | Header/footer not loaded properly from .doc |
2962 | 13 | 2.0 | Printer problems with Lexmark printers on Windows |
1613 | 11 | 1.0.x | undo does not know about replacing |
2584 | 11 | 1.0.x | MS Word Rendering problem. |
Top 20 Requests For Enhancement | |||
ID | Votes | Milestone | Summary |
2183 | 330 | Future | Fully Support OpenOffice's XML file format |
3668 | 111 | --- | Support for window tabs instead of separate windows |
1374 | 96 | Future | [RFE] print odd and/or even pages only (for front & back ... |
2490 | 96 | 2.0 | Finish Cocoa Frontend |
1950 | 94 | Future | Wish for automatic Table of Contents |
2565 | 72 | Future | Add true MS Word .doc export capability |
2321 | 70 | --- | [RFE] Maths/Equation Editing, as a plugin maybe? |
1144 | 67 | Future | Improve KWord import/export filters |
4057 | 60 | --- | Thesaurus Shift+F7 keybindings shortcuts consistency |
515 | 41 | Future | columns change should only affect selected text |
2365 | 39 | --- | AbiWord needs 'view codes' |
2366 | 39 | Future | implement floating frame |
1929 | 37 | Future | Hyphenation is missing in Abiword |
2186 | 30 | Future | The insert page break setting is lost for custom styles |
2219 | 27 | Future | AUTONUM wanted in [ Insert/Field/Number ] menu |
2164 | 25 | Future | Ability to set default print command anywhere |
2296 | 25 | Future | doc import: footnotes |
2169 | 24 | Future | Line numbering |
1235 | 21 | Future | [RFE] Not possible to change zoom and font size on toolba...... |
Resolved Bugs
In the past week, the following Bugs have been verified as fixed. The listed Bugs have all been put in either CLOSED or RESOLVED mode as FIXED. Can you believe I said QA will return next week when it's been here (or not been here) for three weeks? Final reminder, owners are the squishers and qa are the flushers (in case there's some question).
Bugs Resolved This Week | |
Resolution | Number |
Resolved | 26 |
Verified | 44 |
Closed | 15 |
This Week's Bug Squishers: | |
Verified | Name |
31 | David Null |
13 | Martin Sevior |
11 | Sam TH |
8 | Jordi Mas |
7 | Hubert Figuiere |
6 | Dom Lachowicz |
4 | Frank Franklin |
3 | Jesper Skov |
1 | Christian Biesinger |
1 | David Chart |
Flushed Bugs
What you see here are either invalid bug reports or duplicates. So, basically, I'm showing everyone else how doofy you are sometimes. On average*, confirming duplication or non-validity takes four minutes and thirty-five seconds. That's the equivalent of 8LLOC of time for Dom. Any other questions why development isn't as fast as you want?
Non-Bugs Flushed this Week | |
Flushed | Number |
Invalid | 16 |
Duplicate | 14 |
Won't Fix | 10 |
This Week's Most Active Bug Flushers: | |
Verified | Name |
36 | David Null |
3 | No One |
1 | Alan Horkan |
Caught Bugs
Bug spotters, beware, we're watching you!
Bugs Found this Week | |
Caught | Number |
Unconfirmed | 4 |
New | 8 |
ReOpened | 2 |
This Week's New Bug Owners: | |
Verified | Name |
8 | Dave Null |
2 | Hubert Figuiere |
2 | Martin Sevior |
1 | Patrick Lam |
1 | Jordi Mas |
Release HackDown
This is an AbiWord Weekly News original concept: The Release Hackdown. In the table below, you can watch what bugs are being fixed in preparation for the very next release. Check the key at the bottom to understand formatting.
No pressure, guys, I'm sure only 2000 or so people will be watching to see what you do weekly. That breaks down to about 285 people daily and 12 people hourly, so, it's like being peeked at once every five minutes, literally. "Isn't that veird!?"
Stable
Yo, with 1.0.6 on the way, the 1.0.7 hackdown is only a few AWNs away.
HackDown to 1.0.5 | |
Bug ID | Description |
2223 | cannot open psiWord files (re-opened) |
|
crash on zoom |
3239 | [META] Windows printing bugs |
|
Crashes repeatably while attempting to edit header |
3488 | Weird crash when editing |
3561 | Crash on embedded AbiWord in Evolution |
3625 | Multi Substitution waste memory |
3632 | editing the numbering style of a roman numeral list hangs/crashes |
|
Page setup has a problem with margins in millimeters |
3678 | [STABLE]Crash when editing this Word document |
3697 | [crash] blank AbiWord document viewed as text (View Source) |
|
AbiWord crashes during import of this MS Word document |
3766 | Dvorak Keyboard |
3858 | export wrong content when choosing export to "Simplified Chinese GB_2312-80" encoded text |
4068 | Crash when mouse leaves selected header |
4070 | [META] crash on load bugs |
4093 | Program Terminates on Open |
4097 | Save dialog file extension weirdness |
4125 | .doc file does not import correctly (BiDi issues). |
4183 | Save/reload puts spurious characters in simple file in 1.0.3 |
4283 | // comments expose lots of bugs |
4304 | crash when changing font of certain text (e.g. page numbers) |
4363 | [STABLE] Abi crashes after document open/close if text selected |
4449 | EV_EditBindingMap::removeBinding() leaks |
|
Format > Tabs dialog box completely broken |
4531 | Page breaks ignored in RTF |
4559 | section break handling is broken |
4647 | Abiword 1.0.4 crashes with zh_CN Chinese font locale |
|
Abiword.exe Entry Point Not Found |
|
AbiWord 1.0.4 does not compile with gcc-3.2.2 and perl-5.8.0 |
|
|
1 | Unconfirmed |
12 | Unapproached |
10 | Assigned |
7 | Resolved |
*Strike-out bug numbers and greyed text are resolved. *Bold bug numbers and bold text are assigned. *Italicized bug numbers and italicized text are unconfirmed. *Normal bug numbers and normal text have not yet been approached. |
Head
On our way to two-point-oh, affectionately referred to as, AbiWord II: The Wrath of Dom.
HackDown to AbiWord II: The Wrath of Dom | ||
Bug ID | Open of Total | Description |
2145 | 4 of 5 | FCC 508 accessibility regulation compliance |
2921 | 2 of 2 | abi can leak memory [tracker bug] |
3064 | 6 of 7 | [TRACKER] AbiWord Performance |
3239 | 20 of 38 | [META] Windows printing bugs |
4142 | 3 of 12 | make AbiWord comply with GNOME HIG |
4425 | 0 of 0 | squash all warnings |
4465 | 18 of 36 | [META] Spelling bugs |
4466 | 11 of 22 | [META] "Motion" Bugs |
4467 | 8 of 11 | [META] Find/Replace bugs and enhancements |
4488 | 1 of 13 | [META] Help System Bugs |
4627 | 11 of 16 | [META] Copy/Paste bugs |
See Announce: 2.0 release plan for more details on the intended route towards Abiword II: The Wrath of Dom.
Open Source, Open Books.
Last Updated: April 10, 2003Approximately once a month, don't hedge bets, I'll get this updated by asking (read: whining at) dom. In the meantime, whenever you want to see how much is in and where it gets diverted, just peek down here.
Word of caution, numbers lightly fudged due to (hopefully) temporarily incomplete data. Like a consultant's suggested price, you'll find hidden meaning in the data if you stare long and hard. Surgeon's General's Warning: Staring long and hard may have psychotropic affects; keep out of reach of people who like that sort of thing.
I cannot promise the time of de-fudging, nor can I promise there will be de-fudging any time soon. However, I feel confident that there will be some de-fudging going on.
Current Balance: $1604.34
Interest earned: $8.64
Expenditures: $950
$400 to pay for Martin's Boston Gnome Summit Trip
$400 to buy Andrew Dunbar a new computer
$ 60 to misc./entertainment expenses at GNOME summit, GUAD3C, other, paid out of dom's pocket
$225 Patch Prize (those already successfully awarded)
- $ 45 Will Lachance
- $ 45 Marc Maurer
- $ 45 Ruud Vring
- $ 45 Patrick Lam
- $ 45 Dom Lachowicz
Unique contributors: 58*
paypal: 57
check : 3
cash : 1
*58: plusse 3 repeat offenders whom we love dearly
Contributions: $2723.00
Less paypal and other banking fees: $115.00
PLEASE! Help promote AbiWord development by donating money. The money go to a general AbiWord "fund", presently hosted by Dom Lachowicz (cinamod@hotmail.com). | |
In order to donate money, you must have a PayPal account. If you do not already have one, the links above will allow you to open one. Please consider putting cinamod@hotmail.com in the "Referral ID" field, which results in a one-time $5 donation from PayPal to AbiWord development if you verify your account. Note that only donations of $3 or more are of interest. Sorry, this is due to the fees imposed by credit card companies and PayPal. |